Scope: In this article fundamentals of heat treatment will be discussed briefly mainly related to the “base material” of welded construction (metallic material) meant for industrial application. In Part-0, we had discussed the basics from a theory point of view generally taught in engineering colleges (Click here to read Part – 0). In the present […]
Basics of Heat Treatment for Metallic Material (Part-1) Read More »
Scope: In this article, fundamental concepts of heat treatment will be discussed to give an overview to the reader with no previous knowledge of heat treatment processes. Why Part-0: Well, the readers might be wondering why this part or rather an article has been named as zero. Just like the thermodynamics (the study of particles
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The selection of right welding electrodes is a quite challenging job because we need to consider many factors while choosing the best alternative. In this article, we will discuss the various factors responsible for choosing the right welding electrode for the Shielded Metal Arc welding Process (SMAW) for Carbon steels. The Shielded metal arc welding
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Scope: In part-2, of this article, we had discussed the sequence to be used for qualification of procedure (PQR) which needs to be approved by customer/client/TPI. (Please click here to read that article) Now we shall proceed for performance (welder) qualification i.e Welder performance qualification – WPQ or welder qualification test – WQT (which will
In Part-3 of this article the Subsection A was covered from UG-36 up to UG-79, to read the Part-3 of this article please click here. To read Part-1 of this article, please click here. To read Part-2 of this article, please click here. This article i.e. Part-4 will deal with the general requirements preceding from
Summary of ASME BPVC Section VIII Div 1 (Part 4) Read More »
In the Valves Part-1, you learned, What is a valve, its history and its categorization, to read that article please click here. In this article, we will discuss about the valves categorized by design. The list follows as; Globe Valve Gate Valve Plug Valve Ball Valve Butterfly Valve Diaphragm Valve Pinch Valve Piston Valve Needle
Globe Valves – What is a Valve (Part – 2) Read More »
Scope: In part-1 (Click here to read), of this article, we had discussed about the preparation and approval of the weld map, shop weld plan, and proposed welder list which needs to be submitted for the consent of the customer/client/TPI. In this article, we shall discuss the steps required for PQR qualification. In general, the
In Part-2 of this article, the Subsection A was covered from UG-17 up to UG-35 Design and to read the Part-2 of this article please click here. This article will deal with the general requirements preceding from UG-36 onwards. Also note that the design calculation won’t be dealt within details and the readers are advised
Summary of ASME BPVC Section VIII Div 1 (Part 3) Read More »
Introduction: Valves are mechanical devices, specifically designed to direct, start, stop, mix, or regulate the flow, pressure and temperature of process fluid. The need of Valve came after piping or plumbing. Plumbing dates back thousands of years in the civilization of human across globe. Valves can be found just about anywhere today, in our homes,
What is a Valve (Part – 1) Read More »
In Part-1 of this article we had discussed about what ASME SEC VIII DIV I deals, code cases, scope, its use and body of the code. The Subsection A was covered up to UG-16 (Design) and to read the Part-1 of this article please click here. This article i.e part – 2 will deal with
Summary of ASME BPVC Section VIII Div 1 (Part 2) Read More »
Scope: This article will deal with step by step guide for the preparation of Weld Map, Shop Weld Plan, WPS, PQR & WPQ as per ASME SEC IX for a Static Pressure Vessel designed in accordance with ASME SEC VIII DIV I for non-lethal Service. The Reader must be wondering from where this requirement of
ASME SEC VIII DIV I deals with the rules for the construction of pressure vessels. This code is a part of ASME BPVC Codes (Click here to learn about the various codes published by ASME). Code Cases are published regularly by the BPVC committee to consider proposed additions and revisions to the code and to formulate
Summary of ASME BPVC Section VIII Div 1 (Part 1) Read More »
Heat input is a critical parameter for arc welding processes and it must be controlled to ensure sound weld quality. Heat input may be defined as “The amount of electrical energy that is supplied to a weld during the welding process”. How to calculate Heat input? There are several ways of calculating the heat input.
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Plasma arc welding (PAW) is an arc welding process in which the heat required for welding is generated by a constricted arc between a non-consumable electrode and the workpiece. Plasma Arc Welding is essentially an extension of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Like GTAW, a non-consumable electrode is used in Plasma Arc Welding (PAW). However,
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In this article, the weld defect acceptance/rejection criteria are given for the following tests/NDT; 1. Acceptance criteria for Visual Inspection 2. Acceptance criteria for Radiography Test (RT) 3. Acceptance criteria for Ultrasonic Test (UT) 4. Acceptance criteria for Liquid Penetrant Test (LPT/LPI/DPT) 5. Acceptance criteria for Magnetic Particle Test (MPI/MPT/MT) (This article covers the weld
Acceptance Criteria for Weld Defects Read More »
In part – 1 of this article, we had discussed the general requirements as mentioned in part QG of ASME Section IX, To read that article please click here. In part – 2 of this article we had discussed the weld orientations, test positions for the groove, fillet and stud welding, etc. as mentioned in
Summary of ASME BPVC Section IX – Part 3 Read More »
In part – 1 of this article, we had discussed the general requirements as mentioned in part QG of ASME BPVC Section IX. To read part – 1 of this article please click here. This article will cover the Part QW of ASME section IX, which is dedicated to the general requirements in the welding. Part
Summary of ASME BPVC Section IX – Part 2 Read More »
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Section IX contains qualification standard for the following; Welding, Brazing, and Fusing procedures Welders and welding operators Brazers and brazing operators Plastic fusing operators Section IX is a reference document for the qualification of material joining (welding, brazing, and plastic fusing) processes, used by various construction codes such
Summary of ASME BPVC Section IX – Part 1 Read More »
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) (also known as magnetic particle inspection – MPI) is a non destructive test (NDT) method, used to detect surface or subsurface (near to surface) discontinuities. This NDT method can be used on metals which can be easily magnetized (ferromagnetic). Metals can be classified as ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic. Ferromagnetic metals: Ferromagnetic
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Oxy-fuel welding (OFW) is also known as Gas welding or Oxy-fuel gas welding. The term ‘Oxy-fuel’ is used to denote a combination of Oxygen and a Fuel gas, means it’s a process in which Oxygen and a fuel (combustible gas) both are required. Most commonly used fuel gas is Acetylene and thus the name Oxy-Acetylene
(OFW) Oxy-Fuel Welding (Gas Welding/Oxy-Acetylene Welding) Read More »
Thickness range for performance qualification (welder qualification test): ASME BPVC Section IX has provided guidelines for the thickness range up to which a welder can weld. This can be found in Table – QW 452.1(b) of ASME BPVC Section IX. A simplified version of that table is given below; According to this table, three important
Thickness range for welder qualification and procedure qualification (ASME Section IX) Read More »
ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code (BPVC) has assigned certain numbers to base metals (to be welded) as well as to filler metals (electrodes). For base metals, ASME has assigned two number system, these are; P Numbers Group Numbers For filler metals, the number system which is assigned is; F Number For Weld Metal composition
P Number, F Number and A Number in welding (ASME Section IX) Read More »
Heating the base metal to a specific desired temperature before welding is called as preheating. The temperature at which the base metal is heated is called as the preheat temperature. Preheat temperature can be determined by the applicable code. Please see table 1 to know how to find the preheat temperature in the respective code:
Preheating – How, When and Why Read More »
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is an arc welding process in which arc is generated between a bare electrode and the workpiece. The arc and the molten weld pool are submerged in a blanket of granular fusible flux on the workpiece. Flux covers the arc and prevents fumes, sparks, spatter, and intense ultra violet radiation from
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Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) is a welding process that uses the heat produced by an arc generated between a continuous tubular filler metal (electrode) and the work piece. The filler metal is hollow with flux at the core. Flux present at the core of the filler metal shields the molten weld pool from atmospheric
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High frequency sound waves (frequency > 20000 HZ) also known as ultrasonic waves are introduced in a test object through a probe, these waves travel through the material on a predictable path. The waves are reflected at interfaces or other interruptions or discontinuity. The reflected waves are detected and then analysed for the possibility of
(UT) Ultrasonic Test Basics Read More »
SELECTION OF PROBE ANGLE: There are three methods for selecting a probe angle, these are: Based on groove angle: Probe Angle (Ø) = 90 – α/2 Where, α – Groove angle and Ø- Probe Angle As per AWS: 0 – 30 mm Thickness – 700 Probe 30 – 40 mm
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